ExtPos: external part of speech
| Values: | ADJ | ADP | ADV | CCONJ | DET | INTJ | NOUN | NUM | PART | PRON | PROPN | SCONJ | VERB |
This feature differs significantly from all other features: It describes neither the lexical category,
nor the inflectional paradigm slot of the token it appears on. Rather than to the individual token,
it pertains to a multiword expression and indicates the part of speech that the expression would get
if it were analyzed as a single word. ExtPos is annotated at the head node of the multiword
expression. The possible values are taken from the defined UPOS tags and no other
values are allowed (not even at the language-specific level). The main motivation for ExtPos is that
the multiword expression may behave like a part of speech different from the UPOS of the head node;
however, ExtPos is sometimes used even if it is identical to the UPOS of the head node. Also, it is
not strictly necessary that the expression is multiword – if one of the words of the expression is
omitted by mistake, or if a single word has been coerced into a part of speech different from its
lexical one, ExtPos may be used to signal it.
ExtPos feature is used in fixed functional multiword expressions (the head node has one
or more children attached via the fixed relation). However, ExtPos is occasionally useful in other situations, too:
for example, when a multiword expression acts as a proper noun (although its parts behave like other
words) or as an interjection.
ADJ: adjective-like expression
Examples
- так себе (a multiword adjective paraphrasable as “so so”, lit. “so to_oneself”; the first node is ADV)
- (я) сам по себе (a multiword adjective paraphrasable as “(I am) on my own”, lit. “self on oneself”; the first node is DET)
- (складки) одна к одной (a multiword adjective paraphrasable as “(the folds are) one to one, perfectly fit”, lit. “one to one”; the first node is DET)
- один-единственный (комар) (a multiword adjective paraphrasable as “one single (mosquito)”; the first node is NUM)
ADP: adposition-like expression
Examples
- в отличие от меня “in contrast to me” (here the first node is a preposition itself, so UPOS =
ExtPos) - несмотря на успехи “disregarding one’s achievements” (here the first node is a ADV)
ADV: adverb-like expression
The multiword parentheticals are also considered as adverb-like expressions.
Examples
- в конце концов (a multiword adverb paraphrasable as “eventually, finally”, lit. “in the end of ends”; the first node is ADP)
- только что (пришел) (a multiword adverb paraphrasable as “just (came)”, lit. “only what”; the first node is PART)
- нет-нет да и (спросит) (a multiword adverb paraphrasable as “from time to time, every now and then (he asks)”, lit. “no-no and and”; the first node is VERB)
- тем не менее (a multiword parenthetical paraphrasable as “nevertheless”, lit. “by-that no less”; the first node is DET)
- между прочим (a multiword parenthetical paraphrasable as “by the way”, lit. “between other”; the first node is ADP)
CCONJ: coordinating conjunction-like expression
Examples
- не только (a multiword coordinating conjunction paraphrasable as “not only… (but …)”; the first node is PART)
- но и (a multiword coordinating conjunction paraphrasable as “but”, lit. “but even”; the first node is CCCONJ, so UPOS =
ExtPos) - т. е., то есть “i. e.” (то = PRON)
DET: determiner-like expression
Examples
- что за красота (a multiword determiner paraphrasable as “what (a beauty)”, lit. “what for”; the first node is PRON)
- какой бы то ни было формы (a multiword determiner paraphrasable as “any (form) whatsoever”, lit. “which would it not was”; the first node is DET, so UPOS =
ExtPos)
INTJ: interjection-like expression
Examples
- ей Богу! “for God’s sake” (ей = INTJ, Богу = NOUN)
- господи боже! “for God’s sake” (господи = NOUN, боже = NOUN)
- ну и жарко! “well (it’s hot)”, lit. “well and” (ну = PART, и = CCONJ)
NOUN: noun-like expression
Examples
NUM: numeral-like expression
Examples
- сколько угодно случаев “as many cases as you like“ (сколько = NUM)
PART: particle-like expression
Examples
- того и гляди “just wait and see“ (того = PRON)
- разве что “just wait and see“ (разве = PART)
- чуть не “almost“ (чуть = PART)
- хоть бы минуту “at least (for a minute)“ (хоть = PART)
PRON: pronoun-like expression
Examples
- друг друга (each = DET)
PROPN: proper noun-like expression
Examples
- роман “Война и мир“ “novel “War and Peace”” (war = NOUN)
SCONJ: subordinator-like expression
Examples
VERB: verb-like (predicative) expression
Examples
- Я не прочь позавтракать “I wouldn’t mind having breakfast“ (не = PART, прочь = ADV < comparative form of прокыи, i.e. “not far from“)
- мне не по себе “I feel uneasy“, lit. “not for oneself“ (не = PART, по = ADP, себе = PRON)
- мне всё равно, где учиться “(I) don’t care (where to study)“, lit. “all (is) equal“ (всё = PRON, равно = ADJ)
- а ему хоть бы хны “(he) does not give a damn“, lit. “at-least whould whimper“ (хоть, бы = PART, хны = INTJ)
- ящик ни туда ни сюда “(the box is) neither here nor there“ (ни = PART, туда, сюда = ADV)
ExtPos in other languages: [af] [bej] [de] [el] [en] [fr] [gd] [ha] [ht] [hy] [it] [koi] [ltg] [lv] [naq] [nmf] [orv] [pcm] [pt] [ru] [say] [u] [uk] [xcl]